Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has been a tenacious battle of ‘Unrestricted Warfare’. War, not just on the fields of Ukraine, but with food, energy, politics, economic policies and sanctions – the boundaries of war have been expanded. New, feisty international dynamics have changed Europe’s political landscape – what consequences are to come to the heart of Europe?
As the war grinds on, I do not doubt there will be a great deal to learn. However, a shift in dynamics has already emerged at this early stage as on paper Russia should have won and taken Ukraine quickly but that hasn’t happened. I contend that there have been three significant shifts in military…
The Russian army has historically understood victory as the product of human spirit and psychology. Hence, material factors such as technology are not decisive for victory. In a way, this reflects the influence of Carl von Clausewitz on the Russian military thinking. The Prussian theorist, who served in the Russian army for two years, stressed…